Sales, transfers, mortgages: what each measures
Sales count arm's-length transactions between a seller and a buyer. Transfers are broader — they include estate transfers, transfers between spouses and corporate ownership changes. Mortgages measure financing activity, which can diverge from sales when buyers pay cash or refinance.
When all three move up together, the market is dynamic. When sales fall but mortgages hold, refinancing is usually the explanation (rates moving, owners consolidating). When distress acts climb, that's a stress signal worth watching — though not on its own a crash predictor.